Mortising-machine



UNITED STATES PATENT FFTCE.

WILLIAM STODDARD, OF LOIVELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

MORTISING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,071, dated January 8, 1856.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, VILLIAM STODDARD, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a novel and useful Improvement in Mortising-Machines; and I hereby declare that the following specification, in connection with the accompanying drawings and references thereon, constitute a lucid, clear, and exact description and illustration of the construction and operation of the same.

In referring to the said drawings, Figure l, denotes a plan or top view. Fig. 2, a front elevation of the same; Fig. 3, an end view of it; Fig. 4, a transverse and vertical section on line A, B, Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 5 is a part plan of my machine with the top portion of it removed at the red line C, D, Figs. 2 and 3.

Invention-The nat-ure of my invention consists ofthe following described improvements in machines for mortising wood with` out the use of any chisel or chisels whatever, forming or cutting the ends of the mortise by spurs moved transversely, while a reciprocating spur cutter, hinged at its lower part, operates to out and remove the wood from between the spurs which are cutting the head of the mortise as will be hereafter seen.

Uonstmcz'0n.-To enable persons skilled in the art to which my invention appertains,

to construct and carry out the same, I will describe it as follows: I construct a base of wood or other material as seen at A, A, in the several figures of the drawing. To this base A I attach two upright posts seen at B, B, which are surmounted by the cap seen at C. To the backside of each of the posts B, B I attach a brace seen at I), D. At G can be seen the vertical sliding carriage, to which is firmly attached the stationary longitudinal way F on which the slide E for carrying the arm A2 and cutter B2, is vibrated by the connecting rod H, shaft S, and cranks T, and M which are designed to be operated by hand, by turning the crank M. To the way F, I fit two movable and adjustable stands seen at Z, Z, on which the spur cutters P, P, swing transversely to form each head, or end of the mortise at the same time, while the reciprocating cutter B2 is vibrated so as to cut and remove the wood from between t-he spurs P, P,

nearly as fact as they cut off the wood at each head of the mortise.

The spurs P, P, swing or are vibrated transversely on the centers Q, Q, which are fixed to the lower end of the movable and adjustable stands Z, Z, so as to be easily moved and adjusted to any desired distance apart in order to give the desired length to the mortise. The vibration of the spurs lP, P, is effected by the arm O, O, which are fitted so as to slide on the square shaft I,

and be vibrated by this rocking shaft by means of the connections or points of bearing R, It. The shaft I, is suspended in the stands N, N, which are secured firmly to the way F, and is operated or rocked to vibrate the spurs P, P, by the eccentric L, which is fixed to the driving shaft S, and the rod K which is connected to the lever J, this lever being fitted to the rocking shaft I, as seen in the drawing.

It will be readily understood that the vibrating movement of the spur cutter B2 will have to vary according to the distance between the spurs P, P, there not being quite as much movement of the spur cutter B2, as the distance between the spurs P, P. The necessary variation is eifected'by the slotted crank T by which the connecting rod H can be so set as to impart any desired length of stroke to the cutter PB2 to remove the wood from the mortise which is being formed.

The spur cutter B2 is constructed of steel as seen at B2 in the drawing, with four spurs on its lower part seen at a, a, a, a, which cut oft the wood of the sides of the mortise, while the cutting edges e, e, of the cutter B2 act in concert with the spurs a., a, a, a, to remove the wood from the mortise, after it is spurred or cut o' at the sides and ends of the mortise by the transverse moving spurs P, P, and the longitudinal sliding spurs a, a, a, a, on the cutter B2. This cutter is so made, as seen in the drawing, that it will swing or tip on the pin z', Fig. 2, so as to remove the wood from the mortise which is' being formed, when this spur cutter is moved in both directions one of the edges e, e, drawing or catching down into and removing the wood when the cutter B2 moves in one direction, and the other edge e, drawing or catching down so as to remove the wood when the cutter B2 moves in an opposite direction and so on, as will be readily seen, the cutter B2 being stopped from tipping so far down, by the end of the slot through it coming against either edge of the arm A2 according as the machine is moving.

Y My improved cutter B2 is provided with four spurs seen at a, a, a, a, on each lower corner, which constitutes an important im'-l Ywhere any nice strong work is required; in

fact spurs as seen at a, c, a, a, must be used if green timber is being mortised wit-h success.

To the backside of the carriage G I attach a bar seen at J 2, on the end of which one of the boxes U, U, is placed to receive the driving shaft S. The other boX V which sustains the opposite end of the shaft S, is 'fastened to the way F as seen in the drawing.

To the cap C I fit the hub of a wheel seen at V through which the screw Y passes, and is secured to the wheel V by the nut h. This screw is fitted so as to turn in the ratchet nut G2, this nut being fitted to the carriage G by means of the stand H2, see Fig. 4. The wheel V is for the purpose of. raising the carriage G and parts connected therewith, up so as to remove the spurs from the mortise, after it has been by them formed, which will be readily seen and under-stood.

The ratchet nut G2 is so made and arranged that the double inverted ratchetrack X will be vibrated by the slide E, to which it is aflixed, in such manner by the angular slots g, g, and screws n', fn., which pass through them, that this rack X will slide sidewise in conjunction with the swinging way K2 so as the teeth of the rack X will clutch with the teeth of the ratchet G2, when the rack X is slid one way, and so that it will slide so as to clutch with the rack X when it is slid the opposite way so as to impart Aa continuous motion to the screw Y to feed the spurs P, P, and spur cutter B2 downward so as to form the mortise which will be readily seen.

The ratchet rack X is firmly held in its posit-ion after it has been moved from one extreme, by the projection on the under side of the end of the spring stand C2 dropping or being pressed into one of the holes y', y', in the rack X and remaining and holding it until the rack arrives nearly at its eXtreme movement when the end of the stand D2 comes in contact with the under side of the spring stand C2 and raises it out of one of the holes j, when the ratchet rack is slid so as to clutch with the opposite side of the ratchet nut G2 and allow the projection on the spring st-and C2 to press down into the other hole j, in the rack X and firmly hold it until it moves nearly to its other eX- treme, when the end of the stand E2 comes in contact with the lower side of the spring stand C2 so as to raise it out of the hole y', and so on until the mortise is completed. The stands 1V, 1V, hold down the ratchet rack X upon the swinging way K2 so as to cause it to operate correctly, which will be readily understood.

The springs 7c, 7c, operate to impart a ready change of the rack X from one side of the ratchet nut to the other substanti ally as seen in t-he drawings.

Gperation: All that is necessary to do to operate my improved mortising machine, is to adjust the stand Z, Z, carrying the spurs P, P, so as to form the mortise the desired length; then so set the connecting rod I-I by the slot in the crank T, that it will cause the cutter B2 to travel back and forth nearly the distance between the spurs P, P; then seize the crank M and revolve it with the hand while sitting or standing upon the bed A, which turning of the crank M puts the whole machine in motion, which if continued will form the mortise the required depth, after which the spurs P, P, and cutter B2 can be withdrawn by turning the wheel V and screw Y to which it is fastened, in the right direction essentially as set forth.

What I claim as my improvement and invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is* 1. The movable cutting spurs P, P, or their mechanical equivalents for forming or cutting the heads or ends of the mortise, and without the machine being confined to the timber being mortised, essentially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

2. I claim the do-uble inverted feed rack X in combination with the ratchet nut G2 which is fixed to this screw Y, or their mechanical equivalents so this screw can be moved by the rack X and ratchet nut G2 to feed down the spurs P, P, and ca, a, a, a, and reciprocating cutter B2 so as to form the mortise in the wood essentially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

WILLIAM STODDARD.

Vitnesses:

LoRnN P. WINsLow, E. W. SCOTT. 

